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David had numerous wives and concubines. The other Israelite tribes were grieved at the near loss of the tribe of Benjamin. BENJAMIN, TRIBE OF bn j mn (, or , or ; LXX ; , G1021; ; Benjamin or sons of Benjamin). In David's case, this was done by the prophet Samuel. According to the Bible, David, of the Tribe of Judah, was the third king of the United Monarchy of Israel and Judah. Two of his sons fled to Al-Andalus, where they found refuge with Joseph, the son and successor of Samuel ibn Naghrillah. ; J. 22:24, 28), and therefore of the royal line of David. As the old saying goes, "Be careful what you wish for; you might get it. In general, the term Messiah unqualified refers to Mashiach ben David (Messiah, son of David).[44][45]. I would add that 1 Samuel 8 -- specifically the exchange between Samuel, God, and the people in verses 6-22 -- provides a reasonable explanation. After the death of David's son, King Solomon, the ten northern tribes of the Kingdom of Israel rejected the Davidic line, refusing to accept Solomon's son, Rehoboam, and instead chose as king Jeroboam and formed the northern Kingdom of Israel. He sent someone to find out about her, and learned she was married to Uriah the Hittiteone of his best soldiers (2 Samuel 23:39). Buber, Wayesheb, 8).When Benjamin was detained as the alleged thief of the cup, Joseph pretended that Benjamin had been instigated by his brothers. Sauls servants believed a musician would help soothe Saul whenever the spirit came to torment him. And all the people shouted, and said, God save the king. Descendants of the house of exilarchs were living in various places long after the office became extinct. King Saul later broke the treaty that Joshua had signed and attacked the Gibeonites. Throughout the gospels, Jesus is often referred to as "the son of David," referring to the lineage associated with King David and the royal house of Judah. And then David famously replied: You come against me with sword and spear and javelin, but I come against you in the name of the Lord Almighty, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied. This arrangement could also set up a scenario wherein the chosen Judean King could be united with the princess he takes as a wife in Psalm 45 vs. 10-15 (NIV). Ben-oni, means "son of my sorrow." Bulk update symbol size units from mm to map units in rule-based symbology, How do you get out of a corner when plotting yourself into a corner. David was a talented musician. Benjamin's oath touched Joseph so deeply that he could no longer pretend to be a stranger, and so revealed himself to his brother (Tan., ed. 55b). The tribe descended from Benjamin, the youngest son of Jacob. However, it must be noticed that other authorities interpret the data in such a way that the western boundary runs more or less due N of Kiriath-jearim, sharing that border with the tribe of Dan. According to the Tanakh, King Saul ( Talut) was the son of Kish, a member of the tribe of Benjamin, one of the twelve Tribes of Israel ( 1 Samuel 9:1-2 ). Twins were born, one being Perez. In 1 Samuel 16:1-13 why did David not establish himself as king when Saul decided to go after him? they enter the palace of the king. David killed a lot of people in battle. 11 Let the king be enthralled by your beauty; 7 . The tribe seems to have met the challenge of this position, becoming known for its skillful archers and slingers. David was around 15 years old when Samuel anointed him king in the midst of his brothers. But the Bible doesnt explicitly tell us what Samuel meant by this. The Gospel of Luke refers to Bethlehem as the town of David (Luke 2:4), because it was well-known that this was Davids old stomping grounds, and it was where Samuel anointed him king of Gods people. Despite being anointed to rule Gods people, David had a long and arduous path to kingship. Benjamin had a very strong relationship with both Joseph and Judah for the rest of his life, and that relationship was maintained by their tribes. On the other hand, excavations at Khirbet Qeiyafa[20] and Gath[21] were interpreted by some to show that Judah was capable of accommodating large-scale urban societies centuries before minimalist scholars claim, and some have taken the physical archaeology of tenth-century Canaan as consistent with the former existence of a unified state on its territory,[22] as archaeological findings demonstrate substantial development and growth at several sites, plausibly related to the tenth century. In the Revelation, the tribe of Benjamin has its place among the eleven other tribes from each of which 12,000 servants of God were to be sealed (Rev 7:8). Initially, David was king over the Tribe of Judah only and ruled from Hebron, but after seven and a half years, the other Israelite tribes, who found themselves leaderless after the death of Ish-bosheth, chose him to be their king as well.[25]. This shows their ability to help their sibling, Judah. From this point on, Davids duties were divided between watching his fathers sheep and playing music for the king. But instead of wearing a crown and sitting on a throne, Zerubbabel was the humble governor of a ", Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi, Bihr al-Anwr, Dar Al-Rida Publication, Beirut, (1983), volume 30 page 99, Jehoram's reign in Israel saw three kings of Judah , 'Unambiguous' as Ahaziah's name on the Tel Dan Stele is incomplete, and there is no explicit confirmation that the apical ancestor David of, kings of Judah, along with the kings of Israel, Claim of the biblical descent of the Bagrationi dynasty, First Impression: What We Learn from King Ahaz's Seal, "Biblical King's seal discovered in dump site", King Hezekiah's Seal Bears Phoenician Imagery, 2,600-year old seal discovered in City of David, "Archaeology and the Biblical Narrative: The Case of the United Monarchy", "Journal 124: Khirbat Qeiyafa preliminary report", "Philistine city of Gath a lot more powerful than thought, archaeologists suggest", "Rabbi Yehiel Ben Shlomo Heilprin - (Circa 5420-5506; 1660-1746)", The Maharal of Prague's Descent from King David, "SHERIRA B. ANINA - JewishEncyclopedia.com", "HAI BEN SHERIRA - JewishEncyclopedia.com", "Jews of Turkey Archives Point of No Return", "Are you a descendant of the House of David? 12; Sifre, l.c.). But David came to the Israelite camp to play music for Saul, and he heard Goliaths taunts. Isa 11:1-10)? [3][4][5] The Christian gospels claim that Jesus descends from the Davidic line and is therefore the legitimate Hebrew Messiah. According to some, is equivalent to ("son of days"), because Benjamin was born to his father in his old age (Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs, Benjamin i. ; Midrash Lea-ob; and Rashi, ed. The Rabbis lay stress on the name, "beloved of the Lord," by which Benjamin is distinguished (Deut. Answer (1 of 20): No (lol). Bright, History of Israel (1960), 142, 189, 213-216; F. F. Bruce, Israel and the Nations (1963), passim. 21 [20]). Biblical Hermeneutics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for professors, theologians, and those interested in exegetical analysis of biblical texts. All except Judah followed him and it was Joab who pursued him on behalf of David. The other 10 tribes were exiled from the Kingdom of . Can airtags be tracked from an iMac desktop, with no iPhone? 1), "who devours his enemy" (Gen. xlix. When David returned to Jerusalem and was a favorite of Judah, it was a Benjamite (his name was Sheba) who started a revolt. Among the families of the "Sons of the Free" are the families of Abravanel and Benveniste. Saul, Israel's first king, was from the Tribe of Benjamin (1 Samuel 9:1527), as were Mordecai and Esther (Esther 2:57) and the apostle Paul (Romans 11:1). Why was Israel accused of "evil" by seeking a king (1 Samuel 12, cf. It only takes a minute to sign up. Exilarchs continued to be appointed until the 11th century, with some members of the Davidic line dispersing across the Islamic world. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. The report that the large number of 280,000 archers, said to be the tribe of Benjamin, belonged to King Asa (II Chron. At the time of the first census under Moses, the able-bodied men available for war from the tribe of Benjamin was given as 35,400 (Num 1:37) and at the second census, 45,600 (26:41). When David was king, a famine plagued Israel for three years. Understandably, this made Saul feel threatened by David. And the people gat them by stealth that day into the city, as people being ashamed steal away when they flee in battle. David was from the tribe of Judah The 12 tribes of Israel descended from Jacob's 12 sons, and with the exception of Levi, each tribe controlled a specific territory within the nation of Israel. At the division of the kingdom, we might have expected Benjamin to join in the revolt against Rehoboam and secede with the other tribes leaving Judah alone. Euler: A baby on his lap, a cat on his back thats how he wrote his immortal works (origin? [38][39], In 2012, The Jerusalem Post reported that philanthropist Susan Roth created Davidic Dynasty as subsidiary of her Eshet Chayil Foundation, dedicated to finding, databasing, and connecting Davidic descendants and running the King David Legacy Center in Jerusalem. After the destruction of the northern kingdom, Benjamin was fully absorbed into the southern kingdom. But one killing in particular displeased the Lord (2 Samuel 11:27). His intention was to try them and thus to learn whether they would act in a brotherly manner toward Benjamin if he were in danger of losing his liberty. Shimei the son of Gera was there with them. David condemned the man in the story, unaware that it was a metaphor for what hed done to Uriah with Bathsheba (2 Samuel 12:1-10). The Lord who rescued me from the paw of the lion and the paw of the bear will rescue me from the hand of this Philistine. 1 Samuel 17:3437. There seems to be no truly satisfactory resolution of the problem of the western boundary of Benjamin. 6), gives another reason, probably based on Jewish tradition (compare Esther R. on iii. In order to have Uriah killed in battle, Joab had to sacrifice some of Davids other men, and Joab feared David would be angry for the waste (2 Samuel 11:20). (See below left) Thanks. And David had been living with and fighting for the Philistinesthe Israelites sworn enemies. Scholars debate whether this represents a contradiction or if one of Davids brothers was simply omitted, but thats not the point. When Samuel anointed David, it didnt instantly make him king, but it did signal that he was the Lords chosen one, and from that day on the Spirit of the Lord came powerfully upon David (1 Samuel 16:13). The kingdom fell to the Neo-Babylonian Empire in 587/6 BCE. Origen ("In Genesim," xlii. O. and Yer.). Many years before Samuel anointed David and the Spirit of the Lord came upon him, Samuel anointed Saul, and the Spirit of the Lord came upon Saul (1 Samuel 10:16). While Psalms is often (mistakenly) assumed to be the biggest book of the Bible, David actually didnt write that much of the Bible in comparison to authors like Moses, Ezra, Luke, Jeremiah, and Paul. When you get a chance, please take the, Why Was A Benjamite Chosen as Israel's First King? English Standard Version But he did not include Levi and Benjamin in the numbering, for the king's command was abhorrent to Joab. After Saul died, all the tribes other than Judah remained loyal to the House of Saul, but after the death of Ish-bosheth, Saul's son and successor to the throne of Israel, the tribe of Benjamin joined the northern Israelite tribes in making David then king of Judah king of the united Kingdom of Israel and Judah. The southern tribes of Judah and Benjamin remained loyal to the House of David, and this kingdom came to be known as the Kingdom of Judah. Though Joshua allocated Bethel to Benjamin, by the time of the prophetess Deborah, Bethel is described as being in the land of the Tribe of Ephraim (Judges 4:5). However the question of the western border is settled, Benjamite territory was strategically located for warfare, the main highway from N to S passing through it. One interpretation refers the blessing to the early ripening of the fruits in the territory of Benjamin, and the great fertility of the region of Jericho and Beth-el, and another refers the expression "wolf" to the altar of the Temple, which devoured the sacrifices in the morning and in the evening (Gen. R. Instead, Jacob, his father, preferred to call him Benjamin, which can be read in Hebrew as meaning, "son of my right [hand]" (Genesis 35:16-18). Forget your people and your fathers house. The prophecy of Ahijah, who divided his new garment into twelve pieces and gave ten to Jeroboam with the explanation that he would rule over ten tribes, allows the possibility that Benjamin remained with Judah. As a shepherd, David didnt merely feed and lead his fathers sheep. After Judah was destroyed by the Babylonians in the early sixth century BCE and its population deported, Benjamin as an organized tribe faded from history. The difference between the phonemes /p/ and /b/ in Japanese. xlii. R. xiv. It is very interesting the comment of John Gill (bold is mine): Some apply this to particular persons of this tribe, as to Saul the first king of Israel, who was of Benjamin; and who as soon as he took the kingdom of Israel, in the morning, in the beginning of that state, fought against all his enemies on every side, against Moab, Ammon, Edom, the kings of Zobah, and the Philistines, and the Amalekites, 1Sa 14:47 and to Mordecai and Esther, who were of the same tribe, who after the captivity, and in the evening of that state, divided the spoil of Haman, Est 8:1 this is observed by Jarchi, Aben Ezra, and Ben Gersom. (John Gill, Exposition of the Bible; on Gen 49:27). But after his encounter with Nathan, David wrote Psalm 51, which reflects his humility and sincere repentance for what hed done. The Lord told David the reason for the scarcity: "It is on account of Saul and his blood-stained house; it is because he put the Gibeonites to death" ( 2 Samuel 21:1 ). The first king of this new entity was Saul, from the tribe of Benjamin (1 Samuel 9:12), which at the time was the smallest of the tribes. All except Judah followed him and Joab pursued him on behalf of David. How much time passed after David was anointed and the killing of Goliath is not clear. His name was Shimei son of Gera, and he cursed as he came out. But centuries before Jesus, another savior came from this unassuming town. A number of Jewish families in the Iberian peninsula and within Mesopotamia continued to preserve the tradition of descent from Exilarchs in the Late Middle Ages, including the families of Abravanel, ibn Yahya and Ben-David. Before Jacob and Esau were born, the LORD told Rebekah the older son would serve the younger: And the LORD said to her, Two nations are in your womb, and two peoples from within you shall be divided; the one shall be stronger than the other, the older shall serve the younger. (Genesis 25:23) [ESV]. In the Samaritan Pentateuch the name appears as Binyamm (Hebrew: ). Benjamin, Joseph's brother, took no part in the selling of Joseph (Sifre, Deut. How many wives David had? When his armies were out waging war without him, David walked along the roof of his palace and saw a beautiful woman bathing. The relevant passages are Joshua 15:5-11; 16:1-3, 5; 18:11-13. Later, the prophet Nathan rebuked David for his sin. ; Num. It is now an abandoned Arab village. [26] The position holder was regarded as a king-in-waiting, residing in Babylonia in the Achaemenid Empire as well as during the classic era. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. David likely spent much of his boyhood tending his family's flock. In his book, A Jewish Princedom in Feudal France, Arthur J. Zuckerman proposes a theory that from 768 to 900 CE a Jewish Princedom ruled by members of the Exilarchs existed in feudal France. However, The Jewish Quarterly Review mentions that Hezekiah was liberated from prison, and became head of the academy, and is mentioned as such by a contemporary in 1046. . Friedmann, 146a) was privileged to have the Shekinah dwell in his territory because all the other tribes (that is, fathers of the tribes) had taken part in the selling of Joseph. The tribe was descended from Benjamin, the youngest son of the patriarch Jacob (later given the name Israel) and his wife Rachel. 22:22)? tribe of Judah David was the youngest of eight sons of Jesse, a farmer and sheep breeder of the Israelite tribe of Judah. This is the same kingdom Jesus was referring to in Matt. For example: Your right hand, O LORD, glorious in power, The erection of the Temple on Benjamitic ground is explained in several ways. He attempted to kill David on multiple occasions, and became his constant enemy. Leghorn, p. 56b). But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Today, most people associate the little town of Bethlehem with the birth of Jesus. xiv. After the death of Saul, the tribe of Benjamin remained faithful to his house. N. Avigad and B. Sass. Jacob's Naming When David became king, he established Jerusalem as the nations capital and Gods headquarters, permanently altering Judahs importance in Jewish life and culture. So, to hide his sin, David committed another one. Among Eastern European Rabbis . There are three reasons to justify giving the tribe of Benjamin the first opportunity to rule: The Elder-Younger Relationship In Acts 13:22, Paul appears to give an explanation: After removing Saul, he made David their king. For David, this was of great significance, because this enabled him to conquer the city with royal forces . In Judaism and Christianity, the Davidic Line is the bloodline from which the Hebrew Messiah has a patrilineal descent. The Bible names eight wives, but its possible he had more. Does a summoned creature play immediately after being summoned by a ready action? Benjamin was a kingdom tribe and was given to Judah on a 'temporary loan' basis for David's sake. Join our email list, and well send you some of our best free resourcesplus well tell you whenever we make something new. David wasnt going to let this go on any longer. [49], Another Christian interpretation emphasizes the minor, non-royal, line of David through Solomon's brother Nathan as it is recorded in the Gospel of Luke chapter 3 (entirely undocumented in the Hebrew Bible), which is often understood to be the family tree of Mary's father. Because of this, some people have assumed that Jesus belonged to the tribe of Judah. The Southern Kingdom of Judah consisted of the large tribe of Judah (King David's tribe) and the small tribe of Benjamin, which became part of the tribe of Judah and began using the same name. The highest official of Babylonian Jewry was the exilarch (Reish Galuta, "Head of the Diaspora"). The Israelite and Philistine armies lined up on opposing hills, Goliath taunted the Israelites and challenged them to decide the battle with a duel: him against one of them (1 Samuel 17:8-11). Between 1 Samuel, 2 Samuel, Psalms, and 1 Chronicles, you could practically write his biography! They decided to allow these 600 men to carry on the tribe of Benjamin, but no one was willing to give their daughter in marriage to them because they had vowed not to. When the captivity ended, the distinction between Benjamin and Judah was lost in favour of a common identity as Israel, though in the biblical book of Esther, Mordecai is referred to as being of the tribe of Benjamin,[5] and as late as the time of Jesus of Nazareth some (notably Paul the Apostle) still identified their Benjamite ancestry: If anyone else thinks he may have confidence in the flesh, I more so: circumcised on the eighth day, of the stock of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of the Hebrews; concerning the law, a Pharisee; concerning zeal, persecuting the church; concerning the righteousness which is in the law, blameless.[6]. Israel's first king, Saul, was of the tribe of Benjamin. ", "We Are Family: King David's Descendants Gather for 'Reunion', "The Real Messiah A Jewish Response to Missionaries", "David, Prophetic Figure of the Last Days", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Davidic_line&oldid=1137080126, This page was last edited on 2 February 2023, at 18:06. Jerusalem: The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1997, nos. . The "Sefer ha-Yashar" (Mie 89) narrates that Joseph caused a kind of astrolabe to be brought, and asked Benjamin whether he could not discover by means of the instrument the whereabouts of his lost brother. Benjamites continued their opposition to David even after he had secured the throne for himself. Referring to the start (morning) and the end (evening) of the state-history of Israel, we read there: Benjamin as a wolf will he tear to pieces; In the morning he will devour the prey, And in the evening he will divide the booty. (Darby). Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Psalm 7 is the only Biblical mention of this later Cush, who was from the tribe of Benjamin. On his father's side, Rashi has been claimed to be a 33rd-generation descendant of Johanan HaSandlar, who was a fourth-generation descendant of Gamaliel, who was reputedly descended from the Davidic line. On another occasion, however, the Benjamites showed themselves worthy of their pious ancestor. He killed a lot of prisoners after battles. [20] Ephron is believed to be the Ophrah that was also allocated to the Tribe of Benjamin by Joshua. ; Targ. get answers to your Bible questions from 50+ resources ($2,400+ value! The Hasmoneans, also known as the Maccabees, established their own monarchy in Judea following their revolt against the Hellenistic Seleucid dynasty. In fact, the famous narrative of David and Goliath has been so prolific in literature, art, and culture that its become a common trope for describing other stories about underdogs. her virgin companions follow her After Saul died, all the tribes other than Judah remained loyal to the House of Saul and to Ish-bosheth, Saul's son and successor to the throne of Israel, but war ensued between the House of Saul and the House of David. But the king covered his face, and the king cried with a . 21:43. But Jerusalem's significance predates King David. They are: The Bible doesnt give a comprehensive list of Davids wives, but 2 Samuel 3:2-5 tells us the names of his sons as well as six of his wives, and he marries Michal (1 Samuel 18:27) and Bathsheba (2 Samuel 11:27) in other passages. But Benjamin swore: "As truly as my brother Joseph is separated from me, as truly as he has been made a slave, I have not touched the cup, and my brothers did not want to make me steal." Can archive.org's Wayback Machine ignore some query terms? Follow Christ's journey to the Cross. In the genealogies of the restoration in the OT, in the Apoc., and in the NT, Benjamin generally is used to indicate personal descent rather than tribal territory (e.g. How could I go to my house to eat and drink and make love to my wife?